Old City Baku

Information About Icherisheher

Icherisheher (the Old City of Baku) is the historical center of Azerbaijan’s capital and one of the oldest residential areas in the region. This ancient city is renowned for its architectural landmarks, such as the Maiden Tower and the Palace of the Shirvanshahs, and has been included in the UNESCO World Heritage List since 2000. Icherisheher is a living testament to Azerbaijan's rich historical and cultural heritage.

1. History

• Icherisheher has been of strategic and cultural significance since the Middle Ages in Azerbaijan’s history.

• Historical records and archaeological findings indicate that the area was inhabited as early as the 5th century, with evidence of even older cultural layers.

• During the Shirvanshah period (12th–15th centuries), Baku gained strategic importance, and Icherisheher became the political, religious, and economic center of the state.

  
  

2. Architecture and Structure

• Icherisheher covers an area of approximately 22 hectares and is surrounded by defensive walls built to protect the ancient city.

• The architectural style reflects the finest examples of Eastern and Islamic culture.

• Narrow streets, stone-paved pathways, and historic buildings preserve the spirit of ancient city life.

  
  

3. Main Monuments and Landmarks

Icherisheher houses numerous historical and architectural gems:

a) Maiden Tower

• One of the symbols of Icherisheher, believed to date back to the 12th century.

• Its unique structure and the legends surrounding it make it a fascinating site.

  
  

b) Palace of the Shirvanshahs

• Built in the 15th century, this palace complex was the royal residence of the Shirvanshah dynasty.

• It includes the main palace building, a mausoleum, a mosque, and other structures.

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c) Caravanserais

• Icherisheher is home to two prominent caravanserais (Multani and Bukhara), which were vital resting points on trade routes during the Middle Ages.

  
  

d) Juma Mosque

• One of the earliest mosques in Icherisheher, it played a key role in the city’s religious life.

  
  

4. Cultural and Economic Significance

• In the Middle Ages, Icherisheher flourished as a trade hub, located at the crossroads of important trading routes.

• The ancient port of Baku was situated here, strengthening the city’s international trade connections.

• Icherisheher also served as a cultural center, preserving Azerbaijan’s rich artistic and craft traditions.

  
  

5. Icherisheher in the Modern Era

• Today, Icherisheher functions as both a historical site and an open-air museum.

• The area has been preserved, and its monuments are protected. Tourists can explore historical landmarks, browse traditional crafts, and enjoy local cuisine in the restaurants and cafes within the Old City.

• Icherisheher is often referred to as a “Museum under the Open Sky” and attracts thousands of visitors annually.

  
  

6. UNESCO World Heritage Site

• In 2000, Icherisheher, along with the Maiden Tower and the Palace of the Shirvanshahs, was inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List, highlighting its historical and cultural significance both nationally and internationally.

Icherisheher is one of Azerbaijan’s most important historical landmarks, offering a unique opportunity to explore the country’s past, culture, and art. A visit to Icherisheher is a must for anyone traveling to Baku.